Plant and Animal Cell Organelles
1.3 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell Structures
Control: The Nulceus
- control centre
- directs cell’s activities
Control: Chromosomes
- inside the nucleus
- construction plans
- contain genetic information for the whole cell
Materials: The cell membrane
- gatekeeper
- control the movement of materials
- e.g. waste in and out of cell
Materials: The Cytoplasm
- fills in most of the cell
- allows materials to be transported quickly between cell structures
- stores waste until before it can be disposed of
Materials Storage: The Vacuole
- filled with fluid
- store water and nutrients
- e.g. sugar and minerals
Plant Cell Structures
Material Storage: The Vacuole
- like animal cells, filled with nutrients
- takes up a much larger part of the cytoplasm of cell
Protection: The Cell Wall
- protects and supports the plant cell
- gasses, water and some minerals can pass through small pores (openings) in the cell wall
Food Production: Chloroplasts
- contains many molecules of a green chemical called chlorophyll
- allows plant cells to make their own food using photosynthesise
- animal cells can not do this
1.6 Parts of a Cell Seen with an Electron Microscope
Energy: Mitochondria
- mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion)
- provide energy for cell
- respiration, release energy by combining sugar molecules with oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
- mostly used for other functions of the cell
Protein Manufacturing: Ribosomes
- proteins put together on ribosomes using information from the nucleus and molecules from cytoplasm
- proteins are large molecules that are needed cell growth for repair and reproduction
Material Transport: Endoplasmic Reticulum
- series of folded membrane
- carry materials through cytoplasm
- “rough” endoplasmic reticulum has many ribosomes attached to it
Protein Storage: The Golgi Apparatus
- where proteins are stored
- put proteins into packages called vesicles
- vesicles carry protein molecules to the surface of the cell then released to the outside
- proteins vary vesicles depending on function
Recycling: Lysosomes
- patrol and clean the cytoplasm
- contain special proteins that are used to break down large molecules into smaller ones
- the small molecules can be reused as building blocks for larger molecules
- human and other animals, lysosomes are used to kill and digest invading organisms
